Flange’s Definition

July 5, 2010

A flange is an external or internal rib, or rim (lip), for strength, as the flange of an iron beam or I-beam (or a T-beam); or for a guide, as the flange of a train wheel; or for attachment to another object, as the flange on the end of a pipe, steam cylinder, etc, or on the lens mount of a camera. Thus a flanged rail is a rail with a flange on one side to keep wheels, etc., from running off. The term “flange” is also used for a kind of tool used to form flanges. By using flanges, pipes can be assembled or disassembled very easily.

Plumbing or Piping

Although flange generally refers to the actual raised rim or lip of a fitting, many flanged plumbing fittings are themselves known as ‘flanges’:

Surrey FlangeCommon flanges used in plumbing are the Surrey flange or Danzey flange, York flange, Sussex flange and Essex flange. Surrey and York flanges fit to the top of the hot water tank allowing all the water to be taken without disturbance to the tank. They are often used to ensure an even flow of water to showers. An Essex flange requires a hole to be drilled in the side of the tank.

There is also a Warix flange which is the same as a York flange but the shower output is on the top of the flange and the vent on the side. The York and Warix flange have female adapters so that they fit onto a male tank, whereas the Surrey flange connects to a female tank.

A closet flange provides the mount for a toilet.

Pipe flanges

There are many different flange standards to be found worldwide. To allow easy functionality and inter-changeability, these are designed to have standardised dimensions. Common world standards include ASA/ANSI (USA), PN/DIN (European), BS10 (British/Australian), and JIS/KS (Japanese/Korean).

ANSI designations such as ANSI 150, ANSI 300 and so on are often followed by a # (hash symbol). The ANSI number does not directly relate to a pressure rating, but to a class of flange. For example, the hash (#) or ‘pound’ reference; e.g. 300 pound, can be misleading in that an ANSI 300 flange is actually rated for a test pressure of 740 psi (~5100 kPa), and only within a certain working temperature range (-20 to 100 deg F.)

In most cases these are not interchangeable (e.g. an ANSI flange will not mate against a JIS flange). Further many of the flanges in each standard are divided into “pressure classes”, allowing flanges to be capable of taking different pressure ratings. Again these are not generally interchangeable (e.g. an ANSI 150 will not mate with an ANSI 300). These “pressure classes” also have differing pressure and temperature ratings for different materials. “Pressure Classes” of piping are usually developed for a process plant or power generating station; these “pressure classes” may be unique to the specific corporation, Engineering Procurement and Construction (EPC) contractor, or the process plant owner.

The flange faces are made to standardized dimensions and are typically “flat face”, “raised face”, “tongue and groove”, or “ring joint” styles, although other obscure styles are possible.

Flange designs are available as “welding neck”, “slip-on”, “boss”, “lap joint”, “socket weld”, “threaded”, and also “blind”.

ASME standards (U.S.)

Pipe flanges that are made to standards called out by ASME B16.5 or ASME B16.47 are typically made from forged materials and have machined surfaces. B16.5 refers to nominal pipe sizes (NPS) from 1/2 to 24. B16.47 covers NPSs from 26 to 60. Each specification further delineates flanges into classes 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500 and 2500 for B16.5. B16.47 delineates its flanges into classes 75, 150, 300, 400, 600, 900.

The gasket type and bolt type are generally specified by the standard(s); however, sometimes the standards refer to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (B&PVC) for details (see ASME Code Section VIII Division 1 – Appendix 2). These flanges are recognized by ASME Pipe Codes such as ASME B31.1 Power Piping, and ASME B31.3 Process Piping.

Materials for flanges are usually under ASME designation: SA-105 (Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications) , SA-266 (Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components) or SA-182 (Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy-Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service). In addition, there are many “industry standard” flanges that in some circumstance may be used on ASME work.

Other countries
Flanges in other countries also are manufactured according to the standards for materials, pressure ratings, etc. Such standards include DIN, and/or ISO standards.

About the Author:
hongfengflange.com is the leading manufactory and exporter of steel flange in Zhejiang Province of China.We are specialized in manufacturing and exporting Forged Steel Flange and Pipe Fittings.Welcome to contact and visit for business.

How to Stop Copper Corrosion and Pinhole Leaks

July 5, 2010

According to some estimates, corrosion costs the United States more than $1 billion every year. Besides actual piping failure and pinhole leaks, copper corrosion leaves blue stains on sinks, tubs, fixtures, laundry and hair.

Corrosion can also make the water unfit for drinking. Copper can be toxic and water containing levels over 1.0 mg/L should not be used for drinking.

The main causes of copper corrosion are:

Low pH (acid water less than 7.0) or high pH (alkaline water greater than 8.5)

High levels of dissolved oxygen

High levels of salts dissolved in the water (total dissolved solids)

Corrosion-causing bacteria such as sulfate or iron bacteria

Electrochemical causes, such as improper grounding of electrical appliances to the copper piping, and/or lightening strikes through utility poles grounding wires

High velocity of water, relative to size of piping, causing hydraulic wear on the piping, sometimes found in circulating hot water systems using pumps

Sand, sediment or other grit in the water causing hydraulic wear on the piping

Improper installation of copper piping, and in particular the failure to properly de-burr or ream the ends of the pipe and/or the installer using excessive acid flux when soldering the pipes.

Once corrosion starts in a copper piping system, electrons can begin to flow between the corrosion sites in the pipe, causing the copper to dissolve into the water. Since water contains oxygen, the copper ions rust or oxidize, to blue color. This same process happens in galvanized iron piping, causing rust stains and red water.

What can be done?

1. Identify the source and severity of the problem by inspection of the piping system and getting an accurate water analysis especially if you are on well water.

2. Check to see if there are unnecessary electrical appliances or wiring connected to the piping and if the piping system is properly grounded to an earth ground. Verify to make sure that there is electrical continuity through out the piping system. For instance, the copper piping should not be separated electrically by plastic water filters, sections of plastic pipe, plastic water softener bypass valves etc. Jumper cables can be installed around these items.

3. Check for pH and see if the water is corrosive

4. Cut out sections of the copper piping, cut in half and inspect to the type of corrosion present and for signs of poor workmanship by the installers. Replace copper pipe if necessary.

5. Install a calcite neutralizer tank, or a soda ash feeder to raise the pH to 7.2 to 8.0 to correct for low pH and increase the alkalinity in the water.

6. Install a phosphate feeder before the copper piping. Phosphate will coat the piping and reduce or slow down the corrosion effects, by coating the interior surfaces of the piping with phosphate and causing an insulation surface to be built up.

7. In case of high total dissolved solids (over 1000 ppm) install a whole house reverse osmosis system, followed by a calcite neutralizer.

8. If your water has bacteria and/or sulfur odors, install a chlorinator or ozone system to disinfect the water before it enters the home.

If your water is supplied to you by a municipal utility then the first place to start is by calling your water utility and reporting the problem. If this is an isolated case and none of your neighbors are having a corrosion problem you should suspect that the cause is either improper grounding, stray currents, or improper installation of the copper pipe.

If you take your water from a private well then the first task you should do is to get an accurate water analysis. The water analysis should be for pH, total hardness, alkalinity, total dissolved solids, iron, manganese, nitrate, chloride, sulfate, and copper.

About the Author and resource:

Gerry Bulfin is a licensed water treatment contractor, water treatment plant operator and a WQA Certified Water Specialist IV. He may be contacted through the website http://www.cleanwaterstore.com or by calling 831-462-8500 or by emailing gb@cleanwaterstore.com

The Most Popular Pipes Used By Pipefitters

July 5, 2010

There are many available types of pipe for the pipefitting trades. I’ve worked with all of them. From black steel to blue brute underground piping, you name it and I’ve installed it at one time or another around the Los Angeles area. While you may think if you have seen one type of pipe then you have seen them all, think again. The wrong pipe installed in the wrong location can spell financial and structural disaster in just a few short months.

Black Steel – the standby for sprinkler and gas lines. This type of pipe is available in varying wall thickness, called “schedule”. The standard thickness for black steel pipe is schedule 40, which is more than enough steel to allow for machine threading. Black Steel piping can never be used for water supply lines; it is used primarily for gas lines and for automatic fire protection systems.

In recent years, the high cost of steel has spawned a thinner schedule pipe that is less expensive to manufacture but still allows for machine threading. While the thinner schedule piping can significantly save on material costs (especially when installing a new system in a high-rise building or equally large structure), there have been many instances when the thinner piping could not handle machine threading and ultimately had to be uninstalled due to leaks or pipe ruptures.

Most contractors (and installers) prefer to use schedule 40 pipe even though it is more expensive to purchase. The lower schedule (thinner) piping is perfectly fine for machine-grooved installations that require the use of mechanical couplings.

PVC Plastic – Most common piping used for drain lines inside and outside of the house. This type of piping is easy to work with and can seemingly last forever. When used on supply lines, extra care must be taken during installation because PVC joints have been known to fail during prolonged use under pressure.

CPVC (chlorinated polyvinyl chloride) – CPVC has proven itself as a replacement to copper piping. It can handle high supply pressure, is easy to install, is immune to aggressive water that would otherwise eat through copper piping, and can handle 180 degree water temperature.

CPVC is substantially less expensive when compared to purchasing and installing copper piping. When working within your house, CPVC is by far the easiest piping to work with. However, not all cities have adopted CPVC for residential use. Check with your local planning department to find out if this type of piping is approved for use in your city.

Galvanized Steel – well known for being the strongest piping available for supply lines, Galvanized steel requires special threading dies and cutters. In the mid 90′s, I installed an entire Galvanized steel sprinkler system for a 3,000 square foot office in Beverly Hills. Our fabricator mistakingly used the wrong dies for threading the pipe. The result: leaks, leaks, and more leaks!

The system had over 100 leaks throughout the suite and we worked for weeks to try to fix each individual leak before realizing the error had been made by the fabrication company. Eventually, we had to tear the system out and completely reinstall it with black steel piping.

Copper Pipe – This is the most common piping used for supply lines. It is available in both rigid and flexible format. Copper Piping can be connected by two different methods: soldering and compression fittings. The better piping will require soldering.

Ductile Iron Pipe – This is the ideal choice for high pressure, underground water supply lines. It is stronger and easier to tap into for future water supply. Compared to other piping made from other materials, it requires much less support and provides a better flow of water.

Those are the primary types of piping available to fire sprinkler fitters, plumbers, and steam fitters. Each trade has its own preferred (and often required) type of piping. And every pipe type requires special tools and skills in order to cut, prepare, and install.

Interested in working with pipe for a living? The pay is great and work is always plentiful. Check with your local pipefitters union to learn more about your local pipe trades.

About the Author and resource:

For planers, visit: DeWalt Planer. For compressors, visit: DeWalt Compressors. Also visit: DeWalt Scroll Saw.

ABS Pipe, The Material Of Choice For Piping Systems

July 5, 2010

ABS pipe is the shortened term for Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene pipe. Today it is used for all manner of uses in the construction industry thanks to its relative affordability, light weight and ease of fitting. The properties of ABS pipe make it perfect for piping systems in both the residential and commercial sphere.
The construction industry has embraced ABS pipe wholeheartedly. Plumbing suppliers are now stocking ABS pipe and fitting components as a matter of course to ensure their customers have enough materials to get the job done. Thanks to an extensive variety of diameters, ABS pipe and fitting components can fulfil the needs of almost any plumbing system. Combined with the relatively low cost in comparison to pipe materials of old, the ABS solution becomes even more preferable to those in the construction world.
The light weight of ABS pipe and fitting components is also a powerful lure for those in the construction industry. Being so light means that transportation costs are reduced immensely, reducing overheads on any building project. In addition, the light weight makes handling the material while it is on site easier, meaning efficiency is increased and the amount of machinery need on site to move materials around is reduced.
Fitting ABS pipe together is also a simple and effective method for constructing piping systems. There is no welding or threading pipes together meaning that a relatively unskilled worker can construct a piping system in no time. Current estimates believe that a worker who has worked with ABS pipe before can carry out the construction of an entire residential piping system in around six hours. This rapid fitting means that site managers save more money in man hours, reducing overheads further and making the building project more profitable.
Even though ABS pipe and fitting components are light, they are still strong. The resistance of ABS plastic to high impacts and temperatures makes it perfect for underground applications. During the process of installation, pipes are often put under a great deal of strain and thankfully ABS can stand up to these stresses. The chemical compound of ABS pipe means that it can happily carry both hot and cold liquids as well as household cleaners and even industrial chemicals.
A recent study into ABS pipe and fitting components found that after being exposed to household cleaners, it stood up to them for extended periods of time without any wear. In the same study an experiment was carried out where a section of pipe was submerged in water over a twenty four hour period, after the experiment was completed it was found that the section had only absorbed 0.005 percent of the water, making it the perfect material for use in sewerage systems.
ABS pipe does however have some weaknesses. When being stored it is important to keep stocks out of the sun as being made from plastic this can lead to warping, subsequently making the pipes useless. In addition, if left for extended periods of time, it must be stored on a level surface as the pipes have a tendency to sag. The final downside is the care that must be taking when transporting the material around the building site, if dragged along the ground, ABS plastic is susceptible to abrasion.
When you are fitting an ABS system it is important to measure exactly and only cut when you are sure of the measurements. Unfortunately once the pipe is cut to a certain length there is no way to remedy any shortcomings, so when fitting, ensure your measurements are correct.
Thanks to the development of new plastics like ABS it is possible for the construction industry to reduce their overheads and speed up their work. The properties of this material make it the ideal solution for many involved in building piping systems who want a material that is hardy and long lasting.

About the Author and resource:

Construction expert Thomas Pretty looks into how ABS pipe and fitting components have revolutionised piping systems.

AVG Rescue CD

April 2, 2010

The AVG Rescue CD is a powerful must-have toolkit for the rescue and repair of infected machines. It provides essential utilities for system administrators and other IT professionals and includes the following features:

* Comprehensive administration toolkit
* System recovery from virus and spyware infections
* Suitable for recovering MS Windows and Linux operating systems (FAT32 and NTFS file systems)
* Ability to perform a clean boot from CD or USB stick
* Free support and service for paid license holders of any AVG product
* FAQ and Free Forum self-help support for AVG Free users
The AVG Rescue CD is essentially a portable version of AVG Anti-Virus supplied through Linux distribution. It can be used in the form of a bootable CD or bootable USB flash drive to recover your computer when the system cannot be loaded normally, such as after an extensive or deep-rooted virus infection. In short, the AVG Rescue CD enables you to fully remove infections from an otherwise inoperable PC and render the system bootable again.

Apart from the usual AVG functions (malware detection and removal, updates from internet or external device, etc.), the AVG Rescue CD also contains the following set of administration tools:

Download here http://www.avg.com/us-en/avg-rescue-cd

schedule 80 pvc pipe

November 18, 2009

PVC Pipe

You know, when we talk about schedule, the different schedules refer to the size, thickness and maximum pressure of the pipe.

PVC is pipe made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) that conforms to a set of standards produced by ANSI.

As per article of PVCFittingsDirect from http://hubpages.com/hub/Schedule-40-versus-Schedule-80, ”

The difference between Schedule 40 and Schedule 80 PVC Pipe is the thickness of the pipe wall. Schedule 40 has a thinner wall than Schedule 80. This makes Schedule 80 PVC Pipes perfect for applications with very high water pressures.

The interesting thing about these pipes is that the outside diameter of the pipes is constant for different sizes and therefore they are interchangeable (provided that they meet the correct strength requirements).”

Refer to http://www.harvel.com/pipepvc-sch40-80-dim.asp and get the table of SCHEDULE 40 & 80 – DIMENSIONS for PVC and download other stuff about pvc here http://www.harvel.com/tech-support-downloads.asp

To know more about this related topic, you can refer to http://hubpages.com/hub/Connecting-PVC-Pipes with some videos.

How To Cut and Glue PVC Pipe?

Refer to this article for details:

http://www.pvcworkshop.com/cut&glue.htm

PVC Pipe Suppliers:
http://www.ipexinc.com/                   PEX INC
http://www.harvel.com                       Harvel Plastics, Inc.
http://www.charlottepipe.com         Charlotte Pipe and Foundry Company
http://www.coleparmer.com/    Cole-Parmer Catalog
http://www.pvcfittingsdirect.com   PVC Fitting Direct

flexible pvc pipe

November 18, 2009

You know, (PVC) pipe is made from a plastic and vinyl combination material

Normally, PVC piping is most commonly used in water systems, underground wiring, and sewer lines.

Flexible pvc pipe is other kind of PVC but strong and long-lasting and can be used in water systems, for running hookups to washing machines, or in a system for ponds and winter gardens

Flexible PVC can simplify your plumbing as it allows you to bend and curve around pumps, filters and other obstructions.
Flexible PVC retains its large inside diameter and helps to avoid the need of elbows so that water flow is not impeded and this will increase efficiency and reduce the amount the fittings required to help you get the most out of your pump.

Flexible PVC is also resistant to both UV and ozone and can be glued into standard PVC fittings.

Some providers
www.pondparts.com
www.Flexpvc.com
www.Lowes.com
www.BizRate.com
www.plumbingsupply.com
www.plumbingworld.com
www.drsfostersmith.com

Registry Fix- Remove Errors to Increase the Speed of Your PC

October 30, 2009

Registry Fix- Remove Errors to Increase the Speed of Your PC

The registry of a computer can be filled up with unwanted entries after a while and cause your computer to slow down in speed. These unwanted entries may exist because of software that you did not remove properly. The speed of your computer can increase significantly if these entries are removed from your computer.

The problems that affect your PC may be present in different locations inside your PC. When you visit the Registry Fix website you can get your computer scanned for free. The scan will show you the invalid entries that are present in your computer and slowing it down. It will also inform you about the type of errors that these entries may cause. It will work for errors related to Windows explorer and installer issues, ActiveX controls, DLL issues, Internet Explorer errors, EXE errors, Iexpore and System32 errors, Runtime errors, Outlook and Outlook Express Errors, and a host of other errors.

Here are some the features added features that you get with Registry Fix:

You will get an Internet browser helper (this feature enables you to manage all of your internet explorer objects to ensure that you are not running any unwanted objects)

, add/remove cleanup helper, a startup helper which is there to increase your Windows loading speed. You will also get a full back up registry. The added features are slightly more complicated than average cleaners so you should pay attention to the instructions before you use it.

The results that you should expect from registry leaner are good. Registry Fix can only restore your computer to the maximum efficiency that it can run at given your hardware and software configuration. This means that if there is a different issue that is causing your computer to run slowly, such as an anti-virus system that is constantly running background scans, the improvement in speed will not be much.

Registry fix is an easy to use software and the download process is easy as well which reduces the install time of the software. It does not blow smoke in your face by promising the impossible and it performs its job efficiently. Registry fix fixes the problems that are slowing down your computer.

However, there are some things that can be improved upon. For instance, you will have to buy the full-version of the software if you want the customer service help. The time it takes to scan your computer is a little longer than other similar software.

With Registry Fix you can remove all those annoying errors and increase the speed of your computer. The software also comes with a 60 day money back guarantee in case you don

How to use Rapidleech to download from Rapidshare, Megaupload, Filefactory, Megarotic

October 10, 2009

1.Find a Rapidleech server or make your own (Rapidleech server listed below)

2.Copy your rapidshare download link and paste it on the download link box in rapidleech.

3.Select any other extra options u myt want to set in the settings

4.Back to the Main Windows Tab and press Download File button

5.Insert the Verifycode if asked

6.Wait till the downloading is finished

7.After the download is finished go to Server files tab..the file u just downloaded should be there!

8.When it’s successfully moved to the rapidleech…the file should start downloading as soon as u click on the link!

Thats how you use rapidleech….since there are many servers freely available on the net you can download as many as rapidshare files u want at the same time.

Read full instruction at http://www.downarchive.com/main/993-how_to_use_rapidleech.html

Check out some rapidleech server

http://public4all.net/rs4/index.php

http://www.davch39.org/images/_rpx/

http://leech.tytalk.net/

http://nttvirus.kilu.de/0×40/index.php

http://2e22.web44.net/index.php

http://rapid.gofreeserve.com/

http://bia2.ca/

http://kratonsurakarta.com/images/index.php

http://360oyeu.com/cgi/index.php

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