The following article lists some simple, informative tips that will help you have a better experience with Piping Material Specification Terms.

Compact Gate Valve

Compact gate valves are used for economic reasons. They are cheaper and weighs lesser. Lesser weight in a piping system means fewer supports and therefore, savings. It is used for small size gate valves up to 1-½” although the standards supports its use up to 2”. This is because most projects have socketwelds only up to 1- ½” NPS. The reference for these valves is API 602.

Full Port(Bore) vs. Reduced Port (Bore) vs. Standard Port(Bore)

The full port valve has an inlet and an outlet size equal to the ball opening size. In contrast, a reduced port has a bigger inlet tapering towards the smaller ball opening. The outlet tapers toward a bigger exit. Standard port is actually another name for reduced port.

Reducers

Reducers may either be concentric or eccentric. However, for small reducers, most often than not, they are concentric because they are made of forged material like A105. With Caltex specifications, small reducers are not distinguished (as to whether they are concentric or eccentric), which can be confusing.

 

Piston Lift

This type of check valve uses the piston in the form of a cylinder, with its lower end shaped to form a seating face. The cylindrical part fits into the shell. The piston must be long enough to ensure that it is well guided over the distance of its travel. Likewise, piston-type check valves shall have an integral or separate guide of sufficient length to ensure effective guidance over the full length of the piston travel.

Tanged Insert

A type of gasket used as a substitute for asbestos.

 

SC, BC

Check valves do not have bonnets, instead covers are used. SC stands for Screwed Cover while BC means Bolted Cover. Screwed Cover is usually used for low pressure service, instrument air and water. Bolted Covers can be used for higher pressure service.

Bonnet

Bonnet is a valve body closure component that contains an opening for the stem. Attachment of bonnet to the body shall be either of the following types:

Bolted bonnet (BB) - A valve construction in which the bonnet is bolted in the body. A mating flange between the body and bonnet shall be installed. This flange shall be of a suitable shape to provide adequate strength. The joint between the body and bonnet shall be of a type that confines the gasket.

Screwed bonnet (SB) - A valve construction in which the body and the bonnet are attached using by a threaded end. There are two types namely:

Threaded-in bonnet - a bonnet that is threaded into the body.

Threaded-over bonnet - a bonnet into which the body is threaded.

Screwed bonnet is mainly used for instrument air, potable water lines and very low pressure service such as CL125 and CL150. Some projects require seal welding for this type of valve construction.

Union bonnet (UB) - A valve bonnet that is fastened to the valve body by means of a union nut. Union bonnet valve construction may be used for very low pressure service.

Welded bonnet (WB) - A valve construction wherein the bonnet is welded to the body. This type of bonnet is rarely used but is applicable for very toxic fluid service (Type M). Maintenance or replacement of the unit is difficult for the welding is uneasy to remove.

Pressure seal bonnet (PSB) - A bonnet closure assembly in which internal fluid pressure force on the bonnet increases the compressive loading on the sealing gasket. This type of assembly is very expensive and usually used for very high pressure services (over 900 psi).

Gland
A part of a valve that provides compression on the packing to prevent leakage.

OS&Y (Outside Screw and Yoke)

A valve design where in the packing is between the stem threads and the valve body. Yoke is a part of a valve assembly used to position the stem nut to mount the valve actuator.

ISS (Inside Screw and Stem)

This assembly is of two types namely:

Inside screw non-rising stem - A type of gate valve design where in the disc rises on the threaded part of the stem instead of the stem rising through the bonnet. The stem does not rise or descend as the stem is turned.

Inside screw rising stem - A type of gate valve or globe valve design where in the stem has both rotary and axial motions and rises as the stem is turned. The stem threads are between the stem packing and closure member.

Stem - a valve component to which motion is impaired outside the valve assembly to move the closure member inside the valve.

Seats

There are two seats in a valve: the disc seat and the body seat. The disc seat is softer and removable. The body seat is usually harder than the disc. All disc seats can be removed unlike body seats.

There's a lot to understand about Piping Material Specification Terms. We were able to provide you with some of the facts above, but there is still plenty more to write about in subsequent articles.

An insulated bolt and gasket is used to protect the pipeline from corrosion.  When dissimilar flange materials are

used in services with a suitable electrolyte and a conductive bolt and gasket, a galvanic cell may be set-up.  Thus, the flange

with the anodic metal (between the two) gets corroded.  Another use is isolate flange joints just before the pipe goes

underground by preventing the flow of electrostatic charge along the pipelines.  To prevent these situations, insulated bolts and

gaskets are used. 

HERE ARE TYPICAL INFORMATION TO VENDOR

Bolt:
1. Bolt Diameter
2. Bolt Length

Gasket:
1. Line Size
2. Flange Rating

For Each Pair:
1. Location
* Line No.
* Line Class

SOME INSULATED BOLTS AND GASKETS VENDORS

1. Klinger  -
2. Nichias  -
3. Nippon Pillar Packing        http://www.pillar.co.jp
4. Flexitallic  -

A silencer is a device used for less stringent noise reduction requirements of a refinery plant.  Material for standard silencer is carbon steel.  And for special services such as high temperatures or corrosive medium, heat resistant or alloy materials are being used.
   
HERE ARE TYPICAL INFORMATION TO VENDOR

1. Item No.
2. Quantity
3. Design Condition
* Pressure
* Temperature
4. Size
5. Rating
6. Fluid
7. End Connection
8. Material
9. Location
* Line No.
* Line Class
9. Remarks

SOME SILENCER VENDORS

1. Burgess Miura        http://www.miura-eco.co.jp
2. Shinwa Corp.        http://www.jmia.or.jp
3. AIROIL Flaregas        http://www.energyweb.net
http://www.airoil.it
4. Burgess Manning Ltd.    http://www.energyweb.net
http://petropages.com

A spray nozzle is used for various applications, ideal for parts and other cleaning applications, cooling and drying, moving of materials, water, and oil cut-off, sludge removal, or other similar operations that depends on a controlled blast of compressed air.
The unit can be fitted to standard piping, or flexible hosing.

HERE ARE TYPICAL INFORMATION TO VENDOR

1. Item No.
2. Quantity
3. Type
4. Size
5. Fluid Service
6. Design Condition
a. Temperature
b. Pressure
7. Operating Condition
a. Temperature
b. Pressure
c. Flow rate
d. Density
e. Viscosity
f. Capacity
g. Pressure Drop
8. Material
a. Pipe
b. Flange
c. Elbow
d. Nozzle
e. Reinforced Pipe
9. Hydrostatic Pressure Test
10. Location
a. Line Numbers
b. Line Class
c. Equipment No.
d. P & ID no.

SOME SPRAY NOZZLES  VENDORS
1. Spraying Systems Co., Japan
2. Dema Engineering Co.         http://www.demaengg.com
3. Technical                   http://www.fluidproducts.com

A steam trap serves as an automatic valve, which removes the hot condensate, a byproduct of the heat transfer between the steam and the fluid to be heated in a steam system.  The hot condensate is returned to the boiler to conserve its available heat.  Likewise, it is also important to remove the condensate from the heat system because if left at the bottom of a system, it reduces the efficiency of the heat transfer and it can cause several types of water hammer and thus, damage the pipe system.  Steam traps also remove air and other non-condensable gases as they reduce the efficiency of the heat transfer.  Other gases like CO2 and O2 have to be kept out of the system as well because they react to form the corrosive carbonic acid.  Steam traps open to release condensate, air and CO2 but close to keep the steam in.

    A drain trap serves as an automatic loss prevention valve.  Water or moisture may be carried with the air being used in machinery or some tools.  Presence of these elements is unwanted because it washes away the lubricating oil within these machines, accelerating wear and tear.  In instrument air systems, water can collect dirt causing sensitive instruments to fail.  In compressed air systems, excess moisture and oil tend to decrease the efficiency of the gaskets and hoses.  Removing water, moisture or oil may be done manually or using a drain trap.  A drain trap opens to discharge fluids and closes to prevent air and gas loss.

HERE ARE TYPICAL INFORMATION TO VENDOR
 (SAME FOR BOTH)

1. Item No.
2. Quantity
3. Type
4. Size & Connection (Flange Rating)
5. Fluid
6. Design Conditions
* Upstream Work Pressure
* Temperature
7. Operating Conditions
* Upstream Work Pressure
* Downstream Work Pressure
* Temperature
* Flow Rate
5. Materials
* Body
* Trim
6. Heat Treatment
7. Accessories
* Strainer
8. Installation
9. Location
* Equipment No.
* Line No.
* Line Class

SOME STEAM TRAP AND DRAIN TRAP VENDORS

1. TLV Co.            http://www.tlv.com
2. Nippon Keystone  - 
3. Spirax Sarco Ltd.        http://www.spirax-sarco.com.au
4. Armstrong         http://www.armintl.com
5. Miyawaki Inc.        http://www.miyawaki.net
6. Velan Engineering

Piping Technical Questionnaire Part 1

1. Write your  answers for definition or describe of following piping related design deliverables or documents listed
  

1.1   Key Plan 1.2   Plot Plan 1.3   Piping Arrangement or Layout 1.4   Piping Plan Drawing   1.5   Piping Isometric Drawing 1.6   Piping Information 1.7   Pipe Rack 1.8   Pipe Sleeper 1.9   Tie-in List 1.10 BM (Bill of Material) 1.11 BQ (Bill of Quantities) 1.12 Material Take-Off 1.13 Requisition 1.14 Piping Material Specification 1.15 Piping Bulk Materials 1.16 Piping General Specification 1.17 PFD (Process Flow Diagram) 1.18 P&ID (Piping and Instrument Diagram) 1.19 UFD (Utility Flow Diagram) 1.20 Model Review 1.21 Equipment Engineering (Equipment Skeleton)      1.22 Vendor Drawing 1.23 Data Sheet 1.24 Instrument Data Sheet 1.25 Engineering Schedule 1.26 General Project Schedule 1.27 Scope of Project 1.28 Job Code

1.29 Standard Drawing 1.30 Standard Support Drawing 1.31 Special Support Drawing 1.32 Steam Trace Drawing 1.33 Client Specificatione. 1.34 Client Standard Drawing 1.35 Client Existing Drawing 1.36 Demolition Drawing 1.37 Conceptual Layout 1.38 Clarification List 1.39 Deviation List 1.40 Document Master List 1.41 Information List 1.42 Line Index 1.43 Line Numbers 1.44 Line Class 1.45 Installation Level 1.46 NPIC (Notification of P&ID Change) 1.47 NPPC (Notification of Plot Plan Change) 1.48 NPMC (Notification of Piping Material Change) 1.49 Basic Design Data 1.50 Basic Engineering Design Data 1.51 Design Basis 1.52 Detail Engineering Design Data     1.53 Design Pressure 1.54 Design Temperature 1.55 Dimension Table

2. Define the following Codes and Standards

2.1   ASME 2.2   ANSI 2.3   ASTM    2.4   BS    2.5   API    3. Define the purpose  following: 3.1   Process Vent 3.2   Process Drain 3.3   Pressure Gauge 3.4   Sampling Connection 3.5   Sample Cooler 3.6   Thermowell 3.7   Gate Valve

3.8   Globe Valve 3.9   Ball Valve 3.10 Check Valve 3.11 Diaphragm Valve 3.12 Plug Valve 3.13 Butterfly Valve 3.14   Steam Trap 3.15   Drain Trap 3.16 Spring Support 3.17 Spring Hanger

 

When you see the symbols used for identification of piping class designations you need to know the meaning of them.

Piping class designations consists of a maximum of four symbols normally.

The first indicates flange rating, the second indicates corrosion allowance, the third indicates materials of construction, and the fourth denotes the service.

The flange ratings and facings may be Raised Face Flanges,Ring Type Joint Flanges, Lap Joint Flanges,Flat Face Flanges,Non-flange rated systems with rating class150, 300, 600, 900, 1500 or 2500. They may be indicate as A, B, C, D, E, F,…..

Corrosion allowance may be 0.00mm, 1.5mm, 3.0mm, 4.5mm, 5.0mm, 6.0mm.They may be indicate as 0,1,2,3,4,5…

For examplae piping class A1AA
where 
A ( first symbol) is indicated for Raised Face Flanges - Class 150
1 ( second symbol) is indicated for corrosion allowance 1.5mm
A ( third symbol) is indicated for piping marterial ( like Killed Carbon Steel)
A ( fourth symbol) is indicated for service ( like Instrument Air )

1 What is Piping Layout? (Purpose of Piping Layout)

To determine the following:

a. Equipment Layout
b. Construction & Structure (configuration & elevation)
c. Equipment (vessel) nozzle orientation, platform, lug & ladder (location & configuration)
d. Piping Arrangement (line routing, location of piping component & instrument)
e. Electrical/ Instrument cable layout, location local panel, junction boxer lighting, etc.
f. Location of buried piping & drip funnels.

2 Related Work for Piping Layout

a. Plot Plan Preparation
b. Design Info Preparation
c. Piping Strength Analysis
d. Piping Material Take-off
e. Piping Drawing Preparation

3 Data Gathering & Verification

a. Collect necessary Documents
b. Verify Accuracy

4 Preparation of Basic Piping Layout Plan

a. Piping Conceptual Routing
b. Equipment Layout
c. Civil/Structure Formation
d. Valve & Instrument Assembly
e. Electrical/Instrument Cable Routing
f. Fire Escape Routes/ Maintenance Area

5 Preparation of Breakdown of Piping Layout

a. By Facilities
b. By Section of Facilities
c. By Structure
d. By Unit

6 Determination of Area of Priority

a. Tight Schedule for Design Info. Issuance
b. Some connection with other company (Hook-Up)
c. Plot Plan to Fix Early
d. Complete Set of Documents
e. Having Lines w/ High Temperature: High Pressure (material to be use is high Grade (special) material & Large Size)
f. Piping Material to be Ordered Early

7 Preparation of Piping Layout

7.1 Piping Design Input Data   (Before layout preparation)

a. Plot Plan
b. Process Flow Diagram, Piping & Instrument Diagram & Utility Flow Diagram
c. Line Index
d. Client Standard
e. Piping Material Specification (line classes)
f. Equipment Skeleton Drawing (Pressure vessel except H/E)   
g. Piping General Specifications
h. Standard Drawing (standard pipe support, max. supporting span, & typical detail
i. Existing Job Ref. Vendor Catalog (pump/comp.)
j. Instrument Data Sheet Dwg & Catalog
k. Data Sheet (H/E)
l. Vendor Catalog/ Existing Job Ref.
m. Layout Procedure

7.2 Piping Design Input Data   (During layout preparation)

7.2.1 Supplied from instrument department

a. Cable Routing (main/ pipe rack/sub pipe rack & sleeper)
b. Vendor Drawings
c. Tie-in Dimension List
d. Air Supply Tapping Point
e. Piping/Instrument Split of Work

7.2.2 Supplied from Electrical Department

> Cable Routing (main/ pipe rack/sub pipe rack & sleeper)

7.2.3 Supplied from Fire Fighting Section

a. P & ID
b. General Arrangement
c. Typical Detail (Hydrant; monitor)
d. Vendor Drawings

7.2.4 Supplied from Package Department

a. Package Equipment Vendor Drawing
b. Package P & ID

7.2.5 Supplied from Piping Department

a. Piping Special Component Vendor Drawing
b. LC/LG Arrangement

7.2.6 Supplied from Civil Department

> Site Grading Plan

7.3 Piping Design Output Data   (During layout preparation)

7.3.1 Supply to Equipment Department

a. Equipment Installation Height
b. Nozzle Orientation
c. Platform & Ladder
d. Support Lug
e. LG/LC Arrangement
f. Nozzle Force & Moment

7.3.2 Supply to Civil/ Structural Department

a. Equipment Installation Height
b. Pipe Rack
c. Structure
d. Table Top
e. Sleeper
f. Pump Foundation
g. Pipe Support
h. Drip Funnel Location
i. Operating Platform (Misc.)
j. Pipe Trench
k. Embedded Plate
l. U/G Pressure Piping Layout
m. Spill Wall
n. Pit Information
o. Pit Support Foundation Location

7.3.3 Supply to Instrument Department

a. LG/Visual Direction
b. LC Visual Direction
c. CV Direction

7.3.4 Supply to Furnace (Optional)

a. Platform & Stair or Ladder
b. Pipe Support
c. Burner Orientation

7.3.5 Supply to Package Equipment (Optional)

> Package Unit Orientation

7.3.6 Supply to Rotary

> Rotary Machine Orientation

7.4 Piping Design Output Data   (After layout preparation)

> Final Piping Layout

8 Checking of Piping Layout

HERE ARE DESIGN INTERFACE AMONG DISCIPLINES

1 CIVIL DEPARTMENT 1.1 Information to Civil a.  Equipment Installation Height b.  Pipe rack/Structure/Tabletop c.  Sleeper d.  Foundation Installation Height e.  Pipe Support f.  Drip Funnel Location g.  Platforms h.  Pipe Trench i.  U/G Pressure Piping j.  Embedded Plate k.  Plot Plan l.  Layout/Arrangement in 3D Model	1.2 Information from Civil a.  Design Drawings
2 MECHANICAL DEP’T 2.1 Information to Mechanical   a. Equipment Installation Height b. Nozzle Orientation c. Platform & Ladder d. Lug Support e. LC/LG Arrangement f. Nozzle Force & Moment	2.2 Information from Mechanical   a. Vendor Catalog b. Mechanical Data Sheet c. Engineering Drawing d. Vendor Drawings
3 INSTRUMENT DEP’T 3.1 Information to Instrument a. Plot Plan b. Layout/Arrangement in 3D Model	3.2 Information from Instrument   a. Cable Routing b. Data Sheet, Drawing and Catalog c. In-line Instrument Dimension d. Air Supply Connection e. Design Drawings f. LC/LG Requirement
4 PROCESS DEPARTMENT 4.1 Information to Process   a. UFD Draft for Hose Station b. Marked-up UFD c. Hydraulic Sketch	4.2 Information from Process a. Datasheets for Special Components b. Line Index c. P&ID
5 PACKAGE SECTION 5.1 Information to Package a. Plot Plan	5.2 Information from Package   a. Special Equipment Vendor Dwg b. Package Equipment Vendor Dwg
6 ELECTRICAL DEP’T 6.1 Information to Electrical a. Plot Plan b. Layout/Arrangement in 3D Model	6.2 Information from Electrical   a. Cable Routing b. Lighting System Typical Drawing c. Design Drawings
7 FIRE PROTECTION  7.1 Information to Fire Protection   a. Plot Plan b. Piping Layout	7.2 Information from Fire Protection   a. Fire Fighting P&ID b. General Arrangement c. Typical Detail Arrangement d. Fire Equipment Vendor Drawing