Let’s say we have 2 pumps as attached iso.One pump are working and the rest is standby.How can we setup pump load case by using caesar II

Input data:

Operating Temperature = 45 °C
Design Temperature = 80 °C
Operating Pressure = 7.5 Kg/cm2 g
Design Pressure = 15.0 Kg/cm2 g

Mat. A106 Gr.B #150 Lbs
Pipe Size 4″, Sch.Std
Corrosion Allowance 1.5mm
None Insulation
Density = 1000 (kg/m3)

LOAD CASE DEFINITION KEY ( 2 PUMPS )

CASE 1 (HYD) WW+HP (without friction)
CASE 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1 (with friction)
CASE 3 (OPE) W+T1+P1 (without friction)
CASE 4 (OPE) W+T2+P1 (with friction)
CASE 5 (OPE) W+T3+P1 (with friction)
CASE 6 (OPE) W+T4+P1 (without friction)
CASE 7 (SUS) W+P1 (with friction)
CASE 8 (SUS) W+P1 (without friction)
CASE 9 (OCC) U1 (without friction)
CASE 10 (OCC) U2 (without friction)
CASE 11 (OCC) L11=L9+L10 (without friction)
CASE 12 (OCC) L12=L11+L8 (without friction)
CASE 13 (EXP) L13=L2-L7 (with friction)
CASE 14 (EXP) L14=L3-L8 (without friction)
CASE 15 (EXP) L15=L6-L8 (without friction)
CASE 16 (EXP) L16=L14+L15 (without friction)

Explain

Hydro Test Case

Case1: Hydro Test case, none-friction with WW=Water Filled Weight, HP=Hydro Pressure

Operation Case

Case2: Operating case with friction at operating temperature (T1=80°C), 2 pumps working
Case3: Operating case none-friction at operating temperature (T1=80°C), 2 pumps working
Case4: Operating case with friction, pumpA and (T2=80°C), pump B standby (T2=21°C)
Case5: Operating case with friction, pumpB working (T3=80°C), pump A standby (T3=21°C)
Case6: Operating case none-friction at TAMIN = 16°C ( For Stress Range Purpose ), 2 pumps at T4=16°C

Sustain Case

Case7: Sustain case with friction
Case8: Sustain case none- friction

Occational Case

Case9: Seismic Load ( X direction), none- friction
Case10: Seismic Load ( Z direction), none- friction
Case11: Seismic Load combined, none- friction
Case12: Sustain Case + Occational due to seismic, none- friction

Expansion Case

Case13:Expansion Case check with friction at operating temperature (T1=80°C)
Case14:Expansion Case check none- friction at operating temperature (T1=80°C)
This is stress check at maximum temperature, none- friction
Case15:Expansion Case check none- friction at mininum temperature (T4=16°C)
This is stress check at maximum temperature, none- friction
Case16:This case for stress range purpose, none- friction
[ minimum stress check(case15)+maximum stress check(case14)]

Please click link below to see videos about above tutorials

http://www.azpiping.com/tutorials/temperature-2pumps.htm
http://www.azpiping.com/tutorials/loads-2pumps.htm

Let’s say we have 3 pumps as attached iso.Two pump are working and the rest is standby.How can we setup pump load case by using caesar II

Input data

Operating Temperature = 45 °C
Design Temperature     = 80 °C
Operating Pressure       = 7.5 Kg/cm2 g
Design Pressure            = 15.0 Kg/cm2 g

Mat. A106 Gr.B #150 Lbs
Pipe Size 4″, Sch.Std
Corrosion Allowance 1.5mm
None Insulation
Density                           = 1000 (kg/m3)

Here are load case

LOAD CASE DEFINITION KEY ( 3 PUMPS )

Reference to Iso. In Fig.1

CASE 1 (HYD) WW+HP (without friction)
CASE 2 (OPE) W+T1+P1 (with friction)
CASE 3 (OPE) W+T1+P1 (without friction)
CASE 4 (OPE) W+T2+P1 (with friction)
CASE 5 (OPE) W+T3+P1 (with friction)
CASE 6 (OPE) W+T4+P1 (with friction)
CASE 7 (OPE) W+T5+P1 (without friction)
CASE 8 (SUS) W+P1 (with friction)
CASE 9 (SUS) W+P1 (without friction)
CASE 10 (OCC) U1 (without friction)
CASE 11 (OCC) U2 (without friction)
CASE 12 (OCC) L12=L10+L11 (without friction)
CASE 13 (OCC) L13=L12+L9 (without friction)
CASE 14 (EXP) L14=L2-L8 (with friction)
CASE 15 (EXP) L15=L3-L9 (without friction)
CASE 16 (EXP) L16=L7-L9 (without friction)
CASE 17 (EXP) L17=L15+L16 (without friction)

Explain
Hydro Test Case

Case1: Hydro Test case, none-friction with WW=Water Filled Weight, HP=Hydro Pressure

Operation Case

Case2: Operating case with friction at operating temperature (T1=80°C), 3 pumps working
Case3: Operating case none-friction at operating temperature (T1=80°C), 3 pumps working
Case4: Operating case with friction, pumpA and pumpB working (T2=80°C), pump C standby (T2=21°C)
Case5: Operating case with friction, pumpA and pumpC working (T3=80°C), pump B standby (T3=21°C)
Case6: Operating case with friction, pumpB and pumpC working (T4=80°C), pump A standby (T4=21°C)
Case7: Operating case none-friction at TAMIN = 16°C ( For Stress Range Purpose ), 3 pumps at T5=16°C

Sustain Case

Case8: Sustain case with friction
Case9: Sustain case none- friction

Occational Case

Case10: Seismic Load ( X direction), none- friction
Case11: Seismic Load ( Z direction), none- friction
Case12: Seismic Load combined, none- friction
Case13: Sustain Case + Occational due to seismic, none- friction

Expansion Case

Case14:Expansion Case check with friction at operating temperature (T1=80°C)
Case15:Expansion Case check none- friction at operating temperature (T1=80°C)
This is stress check at maximum temperature, none- friction
Case16:Expansion Case check none- friction at mininum temperature (T5=16°C)
This is stress check at maximum temperature, none- friction
Case17:This case for stress range purpose, none- friction
[ minimum stress check(case16)+maximum stress check(case15)]

Please click link below to see videos about above tutorials
http://www.azpiping.com/tutorials/temperature-3pumps.htm
http://www.azpiping.com/tutorials/loads-3pumps.htm

Before you start piping stress calculation, you have to refer to line index ( or called the line classification lists or process line lists) to check design temperature and an operating temperature for line to be checked.Stress analysis shall be carried out on the basis of the design temperature.

Secondly, you have to know requirements base on your project specification such as

Minimum Ambient Temperature. ( TAMIN )

Maximum Ambient Temperature. ( TAMAX )

Maximum Solar Radiation Temperature. ( TS )

Site Installation Temperature. (TAs )

We will use value below in our piping stress analysis tutorials:

TAMIN = 16°C ( For Stress Range Purpose, in case hot lines)

TAMAX = 36°C ( For Stress Range Purpose , incase cold lines )

TS = 70°C

TAs = 21°C

Line design temperature shall be taken from process line lists ( or line index).

In case plus design temperatures <70°C , 70°C will be taken as design temperature

Example 1:

Line design temperature as per line index is 65°C so we will take 70°C as design temperature for stress calculation

TAMIN = 16°C ( For Stress Range Purpose )

TAs = 21°C

Example 2:

Line design temperature as per line index is -250°C so we will take -250°C as design temperature for stress calculation

TAMAX = 36°C ( For Stress Range Purpose with )

TAs = 21°C

Noted:

TAMIN= 16°C in example 1 ( for hot line) and TAMAX = 36°C in example 2 ( for cold line)
You have to find Minimum Ambient Temperature, Maximum Ambient Temperature, Maximum Solar Radiation Temperature, Site Installation Temperature in your project specifications

The following article lists some simple, informative tips that will help you have a better experience with Piping Material Specification Terms.

Compact Gate Valve

Compact gate valves are used for economic reasons. They are cheaper and weighs lesser. Lesser weight in a piping system means fewer supports and therefore, savings. It is used for small size gate valves up to 1-½” although the standards supports its use up to 2”. This is because most projects have socketwelds only up to 1- ½” NPS. The reference for these valves is API 602.

Full Port(Bore) vs. Reduced Port (Bore) vs. Standard Port(Bore)

The full port valve has an inlet and an outlet size equal to the ball opening size. In contrast, a reduced port has a bigger inlet tapering towards the smaller ball opening. The outlet tapers toward a bigger exit. Standard port is actually another name for reduced port.

Reducers

Reducers may either be concentric or eccentric. However, for small reducers, most often than not, they are concentric because they are made of forged material like A105. With Caltex specifications, small reducers are not distinguished (as to whether they are concentric or eccentric), which can be confusing.

Piston Lift

This type of check valve uses the piston in the form of a cylinder, with its lower end shaped to form a seating face. The cylindrical part fits into the shell. The piston must be long enough to ensure that it is well guided over the distance of its travel. Likewise, piston-type check valves shall have an integral or separate guide of sufficient length to ensure effective guidance over the full length of the piston travel.

Tanged Insert

A type of gasket used as a substitute for asbestos.

SC, BC

Check valves do not have bonnets, instead covers are used. SC stands for Screwed Cover while BC means Bolted Cover. Screwed Cover is usually used for low pressure service, instrument air and water. Bolted Covers can be used for higher pressure service.

Bonnet

Bonnet is a valve body closure component that contains an opening for the stem. Attachment of bonnet to the body shall be either of the following types:

Bolted bonnet (BB) - A valve construction in which the bonnet is bolted in the body. A mating flange between the body and bonnet shall be installed. This flange shall be of a suitable shape to provide adequate strength. The joint between the body and bonnet shall be of a type that confines the gasket.

Screwed bonnet (SB) - A valve construction in which the body and the bonnet are attached using by a threaded end. There are two types namely:

Threaded-in bonnet - a bonnet that is threaded into the body.

Threaded-over bonnet - a bonnet into which the body is threaded.

Screwed bonnet is mainly used for instrument air, potable water lines and very low pressure service such as CL125 and CL150. Some projects require seal welding for this type of valve construction.

Union bonnet (UB) - A valve bonnet that is fastened to the valve body by means of a union nut. Union bonnet valve construction may be used for very low pressure service.

Welded bonnet (WB) - A valve construction wherein the bonnet is welded to the body. This type of bonnet is rarely used but is applicable for very toxic fluid service (Type M). Maintenance or replacement of the unit is difficult for the welding is uneasy to remove.

Pressure seal bonnet (PSB) - A bonnet closure assembly in which internal fluid pressure force on the bonnet increases the compressive loading on the sealing gasket. This type of assembly is very expensive and usually used for very high pressure services (over 900 psi).

Gland
A part of a valve that provides compression on the packing to prevent leakage.

OS&Y (Outside Screw and Yoke)

A valve design where in the packing is between the stem threads and the valve body. Yoke is a part of a valve assembly used to position the stem nut to mount the valve actuator.

ISS (Inside Screw and Stem)

This assembly is of two types namely:

Inside screw non-rising stem - A type of gate valve design where in the disc rises on the threaded part of the stem instead of the stem rising through the bonnet. The stem does not rise or descend as the stem is turned.

Inside screw rising stem - A type of gate valve or globe valve design where in the stem has both rotary and axial motions and rises as the stem is turned. The stem threads are between the stem packing and closure member.

Stem - a valve component to which motion is impaired outside the valve assembly to move the closure member inside the valve.

Seats

There are two seats in a valve: the disc seat and the body seat. The disc seat is softer and removable. The body seat is usually harder than the disc. All disc seats can be removed unlike body seats.

There's a lot to understand about Piping Material Specification Terms. We were able to provide you with some of the facts above, but there is still plenty more to write about in subsequent articles.

Desuper heater is a device fitted with one or more spray nozzles, in which the quantity of spray nozzles depends upon the capacity.  These injects a fine spray of cooling water or feed water into a section of pipe where the superheated steam passed through, absorbing the heat from the steam and reduces the quantity of superheat.   To achieve the maximum mixing efficiency of steam and spray water, the direction of water injection is parallel to the steam flow.
       
HERE ARE TYPICAL INFORMATION TO VENDOR

1. Item Number
2. Quantity
3. Condition Type
4. Size & Connection
* Inlet Steam
* Outlet Steam
* Desuper heater water

5. Materials
* Casing
* Internal
* Bolt and Nuts

6. Location
* Line No.
> Inlet Steam
> Outlet Steam
> Desuper heater Water
* Line Class
* P & ID No.

7. Actuator Tag No.

SOME DESUPER HEATER VENDOR S

1. Fouress Engineering Ltd.    http://www.fouressengg.com
2. Petropages Co.             http://www.petropages.com
3. Komax System Inc.          http://www.komax.com
4. Mazda Limited Co.          http://mazdalimited.com
5. Dongsuh machinery Co.      http://dongsuhmachinery.co.kr

Dual Plate Check valve is a type of non-slam check valves used to protect the equipment near it in an event of a backflow

or a change in flow rate (water hammer).  This has two semicircular plate-shaped discs attached to a central hinge pin located

in the valve body.  The disc plates are acted upon by one or more torsion springs mounted on the hinge springs.  Dual Plate

Check valves have minimum weight and compact design for lighter pipe work system suitable for installation for vertical

pipelines.

HERE ARE TYPICAL INFORMATION TO VENDOR
1. Item Number
2. Quantity
3. Size
4. Weep Hole diameter
5. Connection (Flange Rating)
6. Valve Materials
* Body
* Trim
* spring
* Gasket
7. Fluid
8. Design Condition
* Pressure
* Temperature
7. Operating Condition
* Pressure
* Temperature
* Flow Rate
* Density
* Viscosity
* Mounting Position
* Maximum Allowable Pressure Drop
* Hydrostatic Test Pressure
8. Location
* Line No.
* Equipment No.
* Line Class
SOME DUAL PLATE CHECK VALVES VENDORS
1. Crane Valve Group        http://www.cranevalve.com
2. Goodwin International Ltd. http://www.energyweb.net
3. Mueller Steam Specialty        http://www.fluidcontrolinstitute.org
   http//www.ustpvf.com
4. Tyco Valves & Control       http://hydeburnett.co.uk   

Ejector is a device in which (a) a motive fluid flows from a region of high pressure through a nozzle into a low

pressure-mixing zone, developing a high velocity
(b) the motive fluid mixes with a load fluid entering the mixing zone, and (c) the mixture flows through a diffuser into a region at

a pressure higher than the load-fluid supply pressure.

Advantages:
* Large capacity ejector can be constructed because of simple structure and no moving parts.
* Maintenance free
* Corrosive gas can be treated because of wide range of material construction.
* Low initial cost

 Disadvantages:
* High operating cost
* Noise pollution in case of relieving directly to the atmosphere
* A large amount of waste water
* Narrow operating range

HERE ARE TYPICAL INFORMATION TO VENDORS

1. Item Number
2. Type
3. Quantity
4. Design Condition
* Pressure
* Temperature

7. Operating Condition
1. Motive Fluid
* Flow rate
* Pressure
* Temperature
* Specific Gravity

2. Suction Fluid
* Flow rate
* Pressure
* Temperature
* Specific Gravity

3. Discharge Fluid
* Flow rate
* Pressure
* Temperature
* Specific Gravity

4. Size and Connection
* Motive Fluid (Steam)
* Suction
* Discharge

5. Materials
* Head and diffuser
* Motive Nozzle
* Bolt and Nuts
* Gasket
* Flange

6. NDE
7. Pressure (Hydrotest)
8. Location
* Line no.
> Motive Fluid
> Suction
> Discharge
* P & ID

SOME EJECTOR (EDUCTOR)  VENDORS

1. Dongsuh Machinery Co.    http://www.dongsuhmachinery.co.kr
2. Graham Corporation           http://www.gppltd.u-net.com

A non-slam check valve is used to protect the equipment near it in an event of a backflow or a change in flow rate (water hammer).  This also removes chattering often common with conventional valves. 

HERE ARE TYPICAL INFORMATION TO VENDOR

1. Valve Type
2. Size
3. Connection (Flange Rating)
4. Valve Materials
* Body
* Trim
* Gasket
5. Fluid
6. Design Condition
* Pressure
* Temperature
7. Operating Condition
* Pressure
* Temperature
* Flow Rate
* Density
* Mounting Position
* Allowable Delta Pressure
* Liquid Viscosity
* Hydrostatic Test Pressure
8. Location
* Line No.
* Line Class

SOME NON-SLAM CHECK VALVES VENDORS

1. Entech  -  http://entech-d.de
2. Stockham Valve  - 
3. Mokveld Valves  -  http://www.mokveld.com
4. Crane  -  http://www.cranevalve.com

A sample cooler is a device that cools the process fluid before it is released to the sampling point using water as a cooling medium.

HERE ARE TYPICAL INFORMATION TO VENDOR

1. Item No.
2. Quantity
3. Size
4. Flange Rating
5. Fluid
6. Design Conditions
* Pressure
* Temperature
7. Hydrostatic Test Pressure
8. Location
* Line No.
* Line Class
9. Service Category
10. Materials for Sample Cooler
* Drain Nozzle
* Flange
* Coil Material
* Support Leg
* Support Plate
* Other Parts

SOME SAMPLE COOLERS VENDORS

1. Den Holder  -          http://www.denholder.com
2. Benkan  - 
3. Kyoei Kikai  - 

A spray nozzle is used for various applications, ideal for parts and other cleaning applications, cooling and drying, moving of materials, water, and oil cut-off, sludge removal, or other similar operations that depends on a controlled blast of compressed air.
The unit can be fitted to standard piping, or flexible hosing.

HERE ARE TYPICAL INFORMATION TO VENDOR

1. Item No.
2. Quantity
3. Type
4. Size
5. Fluid Service
6. Design Condition
a. Temperature
b. Pressure
7. Operating Condition
a. Temperature
b. Pressure
c. Flow rate
d. Density
e. Viscosity
f. Capacity
g. Pressure Drop
8. Material
a. Pipe
b. Flange
c. Elbow
d. Nozzle
e. Reinforced Pipe
9. Hydrostatic Pressure Test
10. Location
a. Line Numbers
b. Line Class
c. Equipment No.
d. P & ID no.

SOME SPRAY NOZZLES  VENDORS
1. Spraying Systems Co., Japan
2. Dema Engineering Co.         http://www.demaengg.com
3. Technical                   http://www.fluidproducts.com

A steam trap serves as an automatic valve, which removes the hot condensate, a byproduct of the heat transfer between the steam and the fluid to be heated in a steam system.  The hot condensate is returned to the boiler to conserve its available heat.  Likewise, it is also important to remove the condensate from the heat system because if left at the bottom of a system, it reduces the efficiency of the heat transfer and it can cause several types of water hammer and thus, damage the pipe system.  Steam traps also remove air and other non-condensable gases as they reduce the efficiency of the heat transfer.  Other gases like CO2 and O2 have to be kept out of the system as well because they react to form the corrosive carbonic acid.  Steam traps open to release condensate, air and CO2 but close to keep the steam in.

    A drain trap serves as an automatic loss prevention valve.  Water or moisture may be carried with the air being used in machinery or some tools.  Presence of these elements is unwanted because it washes away the lubricating oil within these machines, accelerating wear and tear.  In instrument air systems, water can collect dirt causing sensitive instruments to fail.  In compressed air systems, excess moisture and oil tend to decrease the efficiency of the gaskets and hoses.  Removing water, moisture or oil may be done manually or using a drain trap.  A drain trap opens to discharge fluids and closes to prevent air and gas loss.

HERE ARE TYPICAL INFORMATION TO VENDOR
 (SAME FOR BOTH)

1. Item No.
2. Quantity
3. Type
4. Size & Conne