Expansion Joints
An expansion Joint is used to absorb the expansion or contraction of piping due to temperature changes in the ambient air or fluid, movement of piping cause by uneven settlement of ground, earthquakes and wind pressure. To eliminate vibration and noise cause by the equipment such as pumps, turbines and blowers etc.
A bellows is a flexible seal, which is the coiled portion of an expansion joint. It is designed to flex when thermal movements occur in the piping system. The number of convolutions depends upon the amount of the force that must be used to accomplish this deflection. The convoluted element must be strong enough circumferentially to withstand the line pressure of the system, yet responsive enough longitudinally to flex. The longitudinal load must then absorb by some other type of devices, such as anchors, tie rods, hinges, or gimbal structures.
HERE ARE TYPICAL INFORMATION TO VENDOR
1. Item No.
2. Type
3. Quantity
4. Size (Run Pipe Size)
5. Fluid
6. Design Condition
* Pressure
* Temperature
7. Materials
* Bellows
* Pipe
* Flange
8. Displacement
9. Test and Inspection
10. Location
* Line No.
* Line Class
11. Remarks
SOME EXPANSION JOINTS VENDORS
1. Tokyo Rasenkan Seisakusho, Ltd. http://www.ork.co.jp
2. Senior Flexonics Inc. Pathway Division http://www.pathwayb.com
3. General Rubber Corporation (The Expansion Joint Co.)
4. Daido Kinzoku Kogyo K.K. http://dsuxgw01.daido.co.jp
5. Piping Technology and Products Inc http://www.pipingtech.com/usbellows/
A sample cooler is a device that cools the process fluid before it is released to the sampling point using water as a cooling medium.
HERE ARE TYPICAL INFORMATION TO VENDOR
1. Item No.
2. Quantity
3. Size
4. Flange Rating
5. Fluid
6. Design Conditions
* Pressure
* Temperature
7. Hydrostatic Test Pressure
8. Location
* Line No.
* Line Class
9. Service Category
10. Materials for Sample Cooler
* Drain Nozzle
* Flange
* Coil Material
* Support Leg
* Support Plate
* Other Parts
SOME SAMPLE COOLERS VENDORS
1. Den Holder - http://www.denholder.com
2. Benkan -
3. Kyoei Kikai -
A silencer is a device used for less stringent noise reduction requirements of a refinery plant. Material for standard silencer is carbon steel. And for special services such as high temperatures or corrosive medium, heat resistant or alloy materials are being used.
HERE ARE TYPICAL INFORMATION TO VENDOR
1. Item No.
2. Quantity
3. Design Condition
* Pressure
* Temperature
4. Size
5. Rating
6. Fluid
7. End Connection
8. Material
9. Location
* Line No.
* Line Class
9. Remarks
SOME SILENCER VENDORS
1. Burgess Miura http://www.miura-eco.co.jp
2. Shinwa Corp. http://www.jmia.or.jp
3. AIROIL Flaregas http://www.energyweb.net
http://www.airoil.it
4. Burgess Manning Ltd. http://www.energyweb.net
http://petropages.com
A spray nozzle is used for various applications, ideal for parts and other cleaning applications, cooling and drying, moving of materials, water, and oil cut-off, sludge removal, or other similar operations that depends on a controlled blast of compressed air.
The unit can be fitted to standard piping, or flexible hosing.
HERE ARE TYPICAL INFORMATION TO VENDOR
1. Item No.
2. Quantity
3. Type
4. Size
5. Fluid Service
6. Design Condition
a. Temperature
b. Pressure
7. Operating Condition
a. Temperature
b. Pressure
c. Flow rate
d. Density
e. Viscosity
f. Capacity
g. Pressure Drop
8. Material
a. Pipe
b. Flange
c. Elbow
d. Nozzle
e. Reinforced Pipe
9. Hydrostatic Pressure Test
10. Location
a. Line Numbers
b. Line Class
c. Equipment No.
d. P & ID no.
SOME SPRAY NOZZLES VENDORS
1. Spraying Systems Co., Japan
2. Dema Engineering Co. http://www.demaengg.com
3. Technical http://www.fluidproducts.com
A steam trap serves as an automatic valve, which removes the hot condensate, a byproduct of the heat transfer between the steam and the fluid to be heated in a steam system. The hot condensate is returned to the boiler to conserve its available heat. Likewise, it is also important to remove the condensate from the heat system because if left at the bottom of a system, it reduces the efficiency of the heat transfer and it can cause several types of water hammer and thus, damage the pipe system. Steam traps also remove air and other non-condensable gases as they reduce the efficiency of the heat transfer. Other gases like CO2 and O2 have to be kept out of the system as well because they react to form the corrosive carbonic acid. Steam traps open to release condensate, air and CO2 but close to keep the steam in.
A drain trap serves as an automatic loss prevention valve. Water or moisture may be carried with the air being used in machinery or some tools. Presence of these elements is unwanted because it washes away the lubricating oil within these machines, accelerating wear and tear. In instrument air systems, water can collect dirt causing sensitive instruments to fail. In compressed air systems, excess moisture and oil tend to decrease the efficiency of the gaskets and hoses. Removing water, moisture or oil may be done manually or using a drain trap. A drain trap opens to discharge fluids and closes to prevent air and gas loss.
HERE ARE TYPICAL INFORMATION TO VENDOR
(SAME FOR BOTH)
1. Item No.
2. Quantity
3. Type
4. Size & Connection (Flange Rating)
5. Fluid
6. Design Conditions
* Upstream Work Pressure
* Temperature
7. Operating Conditions
* Upstream Work Pressure
* Downstream Work Pressure
* Temperature
* Flow Rate
5. Materials
* Body
* Trim
6. Heat Treatment
7. Accessories
* Strainer
8. Installation
9. Location
* Equipment No.
* Line No.
* Line Class
SOME STEAM TRAP AND DRAIN TRAP VENDORS
1. TLV Co. http://www.tlv.com
2. Nippon Keystone -
3. Spirax Sarco Ltd. http://www.spirax-sarco.com.au
4. Armstrong http://www.armintl.com
5. Miyawaki Inc. http://www.miyawaki.net
6. Velan Engineering
This is where we try to bring you tips and help for all piping designers and drafters.
Keep coming back to see more piping tips as they are added, or suggest a tip for particular area of piping expertise, be it pharmaceutical, chemical, oil & gas or biotech. If there is anything you would like to submit, send it in and we'll put it up.
Thoughts on Job Descriptions - Some thoughts Job descriptions within the piping profession, with kind thanks to James O. Pennock, Piper and regular contributer to pipingdesigners.com.
Puddle flanges - a brief guide to puddle flanges.
High purity Terms and definitions - ASME/BPE-1997, GR-10 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
Thinking outside the box - By James O. Pennock, Piper, Consultant (Retired), Bayonet Point, Florida USA Courtesy of HYDROCARBON PROCESSING.
PFD's - A brief introduction to Process Flow Diagrams.
P&ID's - A Brief introduction to Piping & Instrumentation Diagrams.
Dead Legs - A Short paper on pharmaceutical pipe and dead legs.
Checking Drawings - Tips to reduce what a checker would find to almost nothing.
Source: http://www.pipingdesigners.com/Tips.htm
HERE ARE LIST OF SOME ABBREVIATIONS MAY BE USED IN PIPING ENGINEERING. THERE MAY BE USE IN OTHER WAYS
AG ABOVE GROUND
AISI AMERICAN IRON AND STEEL INSTITUTE
AMB AMBIENT
API AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE
ASME AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
ASME B31.1 POWER PIPING
ASME B31.3 PROCESS PIPING
ASME B31.4 PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM FOR LIQUID HYDROCARBONS AND
OTHER LIQUIDS
ASME B31.8 GAS TRANSPORTATION AND DISTRIBUTION PIPING SYSTEMS
ASTM AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
BE BEVELLED END
BFW BOILER FEED WATER
BHN BRINNEL HARDNESS NUMBER
BS BRITISH STANDARD
BW BUTT WELDED
CA CORROSION ALLOWANCE
CS CARBON STEEL
CWR COOLING WATER RETURN
CWS COOLING WATER SUPPLY
D.C. DUAL CERTIFICATE
DN NOMINAL DIAMETER
EFD ENGINEERING FLOW DIAGRAM
EFW ELECTRIC FUSION WELDED
FB FULL BORE
FF FULL FACE
FV FULL VACUUM
HP HIGH PRESSURE
I.S.R.S. INSIDE SCREW RISING STEM
I.S.R.S.N.R.O. INSIDE SCREW RISING STEM NON RISING OPERATOR
ISO INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION FOR STANDARDIZATION
LP LOW PRESSURE
LPG LIQUID PETROLEUM GAS
LR LONG RADIUS ( R = 1.5D )
MP MEDIUM PRESSURE
MSS MANUFACTURERS STANDARDIZATION SOCIETY
NACE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CORROSION ENGINEERS
NPT NOMINAL PIPE THREAD
NPTF NOMINAL PIPE THREAD FEMALE
NPTM NOMINAL PIPE THREAD MALE
O.S. OUTSIDE STEM
PE PLAIN END
PTFE POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE
PWHT POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT
R.S.N.R.O. RISING STEM NON RISING OPERATOR
R.S.R.O. RISING STEM RISING OPERATOR
RB REDUCED BORE
RF RAISED FACE
RPTFE REINFORCED POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE
RTJ RING TYPE JOINT
SS STAINLESS STEEL
STC STANDARD TECHNIQUE OF CONSTRUCTION
STL STELLITE
SW SOCKET WELDED
THK THICKNESS
UG UNDER GROUND
UOP UNIVERSAL OIL PRODUCTS
WAF WAFER
WN WELDNECK
| Pressure Drop via the Karman Method |
| Mr. Daan Le Roux of SASOL shares his spreadsheet based on the Karman pressure drop method as featured in the June 2006 edition of CEP Magazine. |
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| Chemical Plant Cost Estimation |
| Ever wonder what really goes into estimating the cost of a world scale chemical production facility? Here is a sample of such a spreadsheet used for a project in India. Build your own from this sample which includes virtually all of the economics that need to be considered. |
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2005 MS Excel Spreadsheet Competition
These are some of the best entries received during the 2005 spreadsheet competition:
Steam Tracing (Winner)
Vapor Pressure from Antoine Coefficients
Column Diameter and HETP Calculation
Packed Column Scrubber Design
Reactor Particle Size and Velocity Calculation
Condensate Line Sizing
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| Two Phase Flow in Pipes |
| Download this easy to use spreadsheet to estimate pressure losses in pipes with two-phase flow. |
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| Various Chemical Engineering Calculation Spreadsheets |
| Zip file with Excel spreadsheets including calculations such as: unsteady state heat transfer, horizontal vessel calibration data, catenary equations, compressible flow calculations, cone and circle geometry, control valve sizing, dewpoints of acidic gases, duct calculations, orifice sizing, packed scrubber design, flat plate deflections, pump performances, and rectangular weir flow. These spreadsheet provided by Mr. Neil Stone of Esco Engineering. |
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| Filtration Spreadsheets from Dr. Richard Holdich |
| Calculations include specific surface area, compressible cake at constant pressure, compressible cake at constant flow, power law equation, pressure leaf clarification costing, and rotary vacuum filtration. Complete with documentation. Files are in Excel format, download as a zip file. |
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| Vessel Pressure via the SRK Equation of State |
| Use this Excel spreadsheet to find the pressure inside a vessel via the SRK equation of state (EOS). Brought to you by the Direction of Software Corner, Somak Mukherjee |
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| Fired Furnace Excess Air Calculation |
| Calculate the excess air volume required for a hydrocarbon furnace with the Orsat analysis. Excel spreadsheet provided by the Direction of Software Corner, Somak Mukherjee |
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| Financial Calculation Spreadsheet |
| You know what a chore it is to optimize a chemical process and get to the bottom line. Then you make some changes and have to do it all over again. Here a great spreadsheet that should ease you pain substantially! |
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| Water Properties Program |
| Download this small helper program so that you have the properties of water at your fingertips. The link above is a direct link to the executable file. This program was graciously donated the Resource Page by Pablo Coronel at pcorone@unity.ncsu.edu |
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| Physical Properties DataBank AddIn for Excel |
| This Excel AddIn contains a moderate databank of chemicals and a nice array of physical properties. It also contains Excel functions that can be pasted into worksheets (be sure you have one open first). You'll find the AddIn under the Tools menu. |
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| Units Conversions |
| These handy little programs are just about everywhere. There a good and bad side to this one. The bad side is that is runs in DOS, the good side is that it shows many different conversions at once. |
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| The Reactor Lab |
| A fantastic program designed to help students gain a better understanding of reactor simulations…and best of all….it's free! |
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| Insulation Calculation Programs |
| Two programs included to help you with insulation calculations. The "Economic Thickness Calculator" will recommend the appropriate insulation thickness based on energy savings. The "Insulated Pipe Temperature Prediction Spreadsheet" will help you predict the temperature inside a pipe and linear heat loss. |
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| Vapor Pressure of Binary Liquid Mixtures |
| Use this spreadsheet to find the vapor pressure of binary liquid mixtures. Based on fugacity corrected values from Antoines Law, this spreadsheet give accurate results with minimal inputs. |
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| Physical Property Data Spreadsheet |
| This spreadsheet for Excel 97 contains data such as boiling and freezing points, critical data, density, vapor and liquid heat capacities, liquid viscosity, vapor pressures, and more for 468 chemicals. |
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| Cooling Tower Calculator |
| This handy little DOS program will calculate the tower characteristic or cold water temperature for a given cooling tower with just a few inputs. (See Cooling Tower article here at the "Resource Page") |
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| Pipe Size Optimization for Carbon and Stainless Steel Pipes |
| This simple spreadsheet will calculate the most economical pipe diameter for a system based on flowrate, fluid density, and fluid viscosity. The sheet is to be used for turbulent flow in carbon or stainless steel pipes. It is designed to run on Excel 97 or higher and utilizes the Solver function so it must be installed as well. |
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| Validating Binary VLE Data |
| Check the thermodynamic consistency of your binary VLE data with this easy to follow analysis. Complete with spreadsheet to save you time! |
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| Costing Distillation Columns |
| Enter some basic data and this EXCEL ADD-IN will do the rest. Check out the specifications of the program. |
Source:http://www.cheresources.com/software.shtml
1) Step by step design and rating calculations
2) Estimate the Physical properties of more than 1450 components; the database has the ability to estimate Thermal Conductivity, Density, Heat Capacity and Viscosity. The database also included critical properties, boiling and melting points.
3) Estimate mixture properties. (ALL ESTIMATION METHODS CURRENTLY SUPPORT LIQUIDS ONLY)
4) Integrated customised database functions to allow user to add/delete components.
5) Fixed tube sheet counts and general tube sizes tables
6) Ability to import properties to Shell/Tube sides form Microsoft Excel
7) Export Results summary to Microsoft Excel
Ability to calculate unknown shell or tube side temperatures by iteration method (solving by trial and error) - also calculate unknown exit temperatures in rating mode.
9) Also can select from different correlations to calculate shell or tube heat transfer coefficient
10) Calculate the scale resistance (dirt factor)
11) Shell/Tube side Reynolds & Nusselt numbers
12) Baffle number and spacing
13) Recommended minimum shell thickness, minimum recommended number & diameter of rods.
14) Calculate Shell/Nozzle/Channel/Head/Tubesheet Thickness.
15) Support S.I Units and English (U.S) Units of mesurement.
16) Duty Calculation
17) Overall heat transfer coefficient for both Clean and Fouled conditions
18) Shell/Tube velocities.
19) Number of transfer units, Effectiveness, Thermal capacity ratio
20) Pumping power / Inlet and Exit Nozzles pressure losses / Scale resistance Calculators
21) Save/Load results.
22) Generate/Print a summary of results.
Product homepage: http://www.webbusterz.com
Download Demo: www.webbusterz.com
| CoolPack |
CoolPack is a collection of simulation programs related to refrigeration. It consists of "Refrigeration Utilities", "EESCoolTools", and a transient element called "Dynamic".
Created by Univ. of Denmark |
| WSProps |
WSProps is an excellent free program to calculate the properties of water and steam for temperature ranging from 273.16°K to 1273° and pressures up to 10000 bar. WSProps can be used in routine thermodynamic calculations as well as steam turbine design and simulation.
Created by Open Source |
| Flange Design |
ASME Code, Section VIII, Div. 1, Appendix \"Y\" Flange Design Program. Flat Faced Flanges With Metal-To-Metal Contact Outside the Bolt Circle.
Programmed in a template form, for class 1 and category 1, Appendix \"Y\" flange assembly.
The program runs in MathCad 2000 or later.
All the flange factors (i.e. F, V, FL, VL, f, T, U, Y & Z) are calculated internally.
Created by William Rowell
Screen Shot |
| Engineering Power Tools |
A program that does calculations for all those commonly stumbled upon mechanical and electrical components, material properties, structural data, bending stresses and all.It is a shareware and can be used for a period of 30 days after which it is required to be registered. The "Save" function is crippled. @1MB
Created by Engineering Power Tools |
| Energy Conversion |
A demo for Energy converting systems, also for Power and Propulsion systems. However the demo version is crippled to allow only the following options to be functional. Under Thermodynamic properties only Enthalpy and pressure are functional From the Power cycles only the Brayton cycle is active. Power cycle components, only combustion by Oil/Coal. From compressible flow only Normal Shock and Thrust. @3.5MB
Created by EngWare |
| Archon |
20 demo mechanical engineering programs . Can be used for rountine calculations of bending/buckling loads, thread loads, plates etc. They are Windows based and have a lot of useful features active, a few utilities though may be crippled.
Created by Archon Engineering |
| Convert |
An exhaustive Units Conversion freeware for 22 different technical quantities such as power, pressure, speed, torque, force, area, energy, distance etc.
Created by Josh Madison |
| FLUIDTOOLS |
Tools for imcompressible liquid and compressible gas flow. The demo is restricted to solve for a max diameter of 1.5inch.
Created by Phelps Software |
| Turbine Steam-Consumption Calculator |
This free program will calculate the steam consumption for a turbine of known power and efficiency. The required data are the inlet steam pressure and temperature, and the exhaust pressure. The program will determine the specific and actual steam consumption and the outlet steam enthalpy. The program is very easy to use because all the required steam properties are built in.
Created by Katmar Software |
| Uconeer |
This free units conversion program is designed specifically for engineers. It includes a wide range of technical categories required by engineers, but it excludes the archaic and esoteric units that clutter the menus of the other conversion programs. In addition to the standard categories Uconeer includes categories like Diffusivity, Enthalpy, Entropy, Fouling Factor, Heat Capacity, Heat Transfer Coefficient, Moment of Inertia, Stress, Surface Tension, Thermal Conductivity, Torque and Viscosity. There are a total of 370 units in 42 categories.
Created by Katmar Software |
| AxCom |
Utility for shaft design. After specifying the shaft dimensions, material properties, & loads the strength, stress, deflection, safety factor is display graphically.
Screen Shot
Created by DimTech |
| CadMechanic |
Lots of AutoCAD productivity enhancing little utilties, and some for pipe design.
Created by Hamilton Design Group |
| FluidProp |
Program calculates thermodynamic and transport properties for a large variety of fluids and fluid mixtures.
Created by Delft University of Technology |
| Frame2D & others |
Distributed or nodal dead and live loads can be specified. Load combination is used according to Eurocode 1, with user defined load combination coefficients. The program performs computation of internal forces and diagrams for displacements, bending moments, shear and axial forces. In the dynamic analysis the eigenfrequencies and the mode shapes are computed. Graphical output for the diagrams and mode shapesis displayed. For educational purposes FREE Light version
Created by Runet
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More software download link, go to http://www.freebyte.com/cad/
