Before you start piping stress calculation, you have to refer to line index ( or called the line classification lists or process line lists) to check design temperature and an operating temperature for line to be checked.Stress analysis shall be carried out on the basis of the design temperature.

Secondly, you have to know requirements base on your project specification such as

Minimum Ambient Temperature. ( TAMIN )

Maximum Ambient Temperature. ( TAMAX )

Maximum Solar Radiation Temperature. ( TS )

Site Installation Temperature. (TAs )

We will use value below in our piping stress analysis tutorials:

TAMIN = 16°C ( For Stress Range Purpose, in case hot lines)

TAMAX = 36°C ( For Stress Range Purpose , incase cold lines )

TS = 70°C

TAs = 21°C

Line design temperature shall be taken from process line lists ( or line index).

In case plus design temperatures <70°C , 70°C will be taken as design temperature

Example 1:

Line design temperature as per line index is 65°C so we will take 70°C as design temperature for stress calculation

TAMIN = 16°C ( For Stress Range Purpose )

TAs = 21°C

Example 2:

Line design temperature as per line index is -250°C so we will take -250°C as design temperature for stress calculation

TAMAX = 36°C ( For Stress Range Purpose with )

TAs = 21°C

Noted:

TAMIN= 16°C in example 1 ( for hot line) and TAMAX = 36°C in example 2 ( for cold line)
You have to find Minimum Ambient Temperature, Maximum Ambient Temperature, Maximum Solar Radiation Temperature, Site Installation Temperature in your project specifications

Dual Plate Check valve is a type of non-slam check valves used to protect the equipment near it in an event of a backflow

or a change in flow rate (water hammer).  This has two semicircular plate-shaped discs attached to a central hinge pin located

in the valve body.  The disc plates are acted upon by one or more torsion springs mounted on the hinge springs.  Dual Plate

Check valves have minimum weight and compact design for lighter pipe work system suitable for installation for vertical

pipelines.

HERE ARE TYPICAL INFORMATION TO VENDOR
1. Item Number
2. Quantity
3. Size
4. Weep Hole diameter
5. Connection (Flange Rating)
6. Valve Materials
* Body
* Trim
* spring
* Gasket
7. Fluid
8. Design Condition
* Pressure
* Temperature
7. Operating Condition
* Pressure
* Temperature
* Flow Rate
* Density
* Viscosity
* Mounting Position
* Maximum Allowable Pressure Drop
* Hydrostatic Test Pressure
8. Location
* Line No.
* Equipment No.
* Line Class
SOME DUAL PLATE CHECK VALVES VENDORS
1. Crane Valve Group        http://www.cranevalve.com
2. Goodwin International Ltd. http://www.energyweb.net
3. Mueller Steam Specialty        http://www.fluidcontrolinstitute.org
   http//www.ustpvf.com
4. Tyco Valves & Control       http://hydeburnett.co.uk   

A flame arrester serves as a safety device installed to pipelines transporting flammable or explosive gases or vapor.  In an event of an ignition of these materials, damage to lives and property can be minimized by installing flame arrester in-line or at the end of a piping system.  The flame arrester puts off the flame as it enters thru it by reducing the temperature of the flame below the auto-ignition point of the gas.

HERE ARE TYPICAL INFORMATION TO VENDOR

1. Type
2. Size & Connection (Flange Rating)
3. Fluid
4. Design Condition
* Pressure
* Temperature
5. Operating Condition
* Pressure
* Temperature
* Flow Rate
* Density
* Max. Allowable Pressure Drop
6. Materials
* Body
* Internal
7. Additional Requirements
* Test Pressure
* Corrosion Allowance
* Heat Treatment
* Installation Orientation
8. Location
* Line No.
* Line Class
9. Service Category

SOME FLAME ARRESTERS VENDORS

1. IMI Amal
2. Kaneko
3. Knitmesh
4. Niikura

An insulated bolt and gasket is used to protect the pipeline from corrosion.  When dissimilar flange materials are

used in services with a suitable electrolyte and a conductive bolt and gasket, a galvanic cell may be set-up.  Thus, the flange

with the anodic metal (between the two) gets corroded.  Another use is isolate flange joints just before the pipe goes

underground by preventing the flow of electrostatic charge along the pipelines.  To prevent these situations, insulated bolts and

gaskets are used. 

HERE ARE TYPICAL INFORMATION TO VENDOR

Bolt:
1. Bolt Diameter
2. Bolt Length

Gasket:
1. Line Size
2. Flange Rating

For Each Pair:
1. Location
* Line No.
* Line Class

SOME INSULATED BOLTS AND GASKETS VENDORS

1. Klinger  -
2. Nichias  -
3. Nippon Pillar Packing        http://www.pillar.co.jp
4. Flexitallic  -

An Insulation Joint is used to electrically isolate the Pipeline from the Piping. The purpose is to protect the cathodic protection system of a buried Pipeline by obstructing the flow of the current to the Piping attached with the Pipeline. It is, normally, installed when a buried Pipeline comes up on the ground.
The secondary purpose of an Insulation Joint is to endure the large movements of a Pipeline, which an insulation flange cannot bear. 

HERE ARE TYPICAL INFORMATION TO VENDOR

1. Item No.
2. Line No.
3. Type
4. Quantity
5. Size
6. Fluid type
7. Design code
8. Design Conditions
* Pressure
* Temperature
9. Materials
* Body
* Pipe
* Flange
* Insulating material
10. End type (Welded, Flanged)
11. Flange facing and finish (In case of flanged ends)
12. Testing requirements
13. Special requirements (Heat treatment of welds, Lining, Coating, Torsion stoppers etc., if required)

SOME INSULATION JOINTS VENDORS

1. Braunstahl G.m.b.H, Germany
2. Sertere Pipeline Equipment Division

A piston type sample valve is a valve that allows the smooth extraction of product samples along the pipeline or from equipment like tank or reactor.  When the valve is in the closed position, the plunger or the piston, occupies the entire valve bore blocking the branch through which the product samples pass.

HERE ARE TYPICAL INFORMATION TO VENDOR

1. Valve Type
2. Size(Inlet x Outlet) & Connection (Flange Rating)
3. Run Pipe
* Material
* Size
* Wall Thickness
4. Fluid
5. Design Condition
* Pressure
* Temperature
6. Valve Materials
* Body
* Piston
* Gasket/Packing
* Other Material
7. Pressure Test
8. Location
* Line No.
* Line Class

SOME PISTON TYPE SAMPLE VALVE  VENDORS

1. Fetterolf
2. Schuf
3. Strahman Valves

A sight glass is the very important instrument for flow monitoring.  It is used to enable the user to inspect visually the liquid or gas flowing in the pipeline.  It is available in various ranges, materials and end connections

Kinds of Indicators in Sight Glass Body

1. Conventional type (no indicator)
2. With Flapper
3. With Rotary
4. With Floats
5. With Chain

HERE ARE TYPICAL INFORMATION TO VENDOR

1.
1. Item Number
2. Type
3. Size
4. Quantity
5. Connection
* Screwed
* Socket weld
* Flange
6. Fluid
7. Design Condition/Operating Condition
* Pressure
* Temperature

8. Materials
* Body
* Flange
* Gasket
* Glass
9. Heat Treatment
10. NDE
11. Hydrostatic Test Pressure
12. Location
* Line No.
* Line Class
13. Remarks

SOME SIGHT GLASS  VENDORS

1. Douglas Italia S.p.a        http://www.douglas-chero.com
2. Daido Machines Co. Ltd.        http://www.daido.co.jp
3. Bunkaboeki Kogyo       
4. Spirax Sarco.Ltd.            http://www.spirax-sarco.com.au
5. Tampa Rubber and Gasket    http://tamparubber.com
6. JM Canty Process Technology    http://www.jmcanty.com
7. Samhan Ind Co. Ltd.        http://www.sightglass.co.kr

A spring support is used to sustain the dead weight of pipelines, to restrict the movement and to eliminate vibration cause by thermal expansion including mechanical or fluid vibration, earthquakes and wind effects. 
    Spring support shall be provided with means to prevent misalignment, buckling, and to prevent unintentional disengagement of the load. 

Types of Spring Supports:

Variable Hangers or Spring Hangers – most frequently used as hangers for high-temperature piping systems, which may be affected by thermal elongation.   It is recommended for relatively small displacement.
Constant Hangers – is used for cases like, the movement of a supporting point is so large and piping stress result is over the allowable values. It is called “constant hanger” because of their capability to support the pipes with a constant load at any time regardless of vertical movement of the supporting point.
Spring –type Vibration Eliminators  – also called Sway Braces, are identical to spring hanger in their resistance against thermal expansion.  It should be installed at a location where the thermal displacement is as smaller as possible.

HERE ARE TYPICAL INFORMATION TO VENDOR

1.
1. Quantity
2. Type (VS or CS)
3. Type of Spring Support
4. Design Condition
* Operating Load
* Spring Constant
5. Piping
* Size
* Insulation Thickness
* Temperature
6. Piping Displacement
7. Piping Elevation From Grade
8. Accessory and Material
9. Location
* Line No.
* Line Class
10. Remarks

SOME SPRING SUPPORT VENDORS

1. NHK Spring Company        http://www.nhk.or.jp
2. Sanwa Tekki Co.            http://www.tekki.co.jp
3. Gilardini S.p.a.            http://markets-companies.com
4. Carpenter and Patterson        http://www.cp-ltd.co.uk
5. ITT Grinell Corp.            http://www.kpo.com

A steam trap serves as an automatic valve, which removes the hot condensate, a byproduct of the heat transfer between the steam and the fluid to be heated in a steam system.  The hot condensate is returned to the boiler to conserve its available heat.  Likewise, it is also important to remove the condensate from the heat system because if left at the bottom of a system, it reduces the efficiency of the heat transfer and it can cause several types of water hammer and thus, damage the pipe system.  Steam traps also remove air and other non-condensable gases as they reduce the efficiency of the heat transfer.  Other gases like CO2 and O2 have to be kept out of the system as well because they react to form the corrosive carbonic acid.  Steam traps open to release condensate, air and CO2 but close to keep the steam in.

    A drain trap serves as an automatic loss prevention valve.  Water or moisture may be carried with the air being used in machinery or some tools.  Presence of these elements is unwanted because it washes away the lubricating oil within these machines, accelerating wear and tear.  In instrument air systems, water can collect dirt causing sensitive instruments to fail.  In compressed air systems, excess moisture and oil tend to decrease the efficiency of the gaskets and hoses.  Removing water, moisture or oil may be done manually or using a drain trap.  A drain trap opens to discharge fluids and closes to prevent air and gas loss.

HERE ARE TYPICAL INFORMATION TO VENDOR
 (SAME FOR BOTH)

1. Item No.
2. Quantity
3. Type
4. Size & Connection (Flange Rating)
5. Fluid
6. Design Conditions
* Upstream Work Pressure
* Temperature
7. Operating Conditions
* Upstream Work Pressure
* Downstream Work Pressure
* Temperature
* Flow Rate
5. Materials
* Body
* Trim
6. Heat Treatment
7. Accessories
* Strainer
8. Installation
9. Location
* Equipment No.
* Line No.
* Line Class

SOME STEAM TRAP AND DRAIN TRAP VENDORS

1. TLV Co.            http://www.tlv.com
2. Nippon Keystone  - 
3. Spirax Sarco Ltd.        http://www.spirax-sarco.com.au
4. Armstrong         http://www.armintl.com
5. Miyawaki Inc.        http://www.miyawaki.net
6. Velan Engineering

A strainer is a device used to provide a mechanical means of removing solids from a flowing liquid or gas by using a barrier.

Strainers are classified into three categories:

(1) Simplex
A strainer consisting of a single element chamber that normally requires the flow through the unit to be shutdown before cleaning.

Conical Strainer  -    serves as temporary strainer for temporary installation during the commissioning, or start up service for the efficient removal of solids/debris for the protection of Fluid and Gas handling equipment from damage.  This can be installed either vertically or horizontally.  Also, it can be manufacture using any kind of wire mesh or perforated plate, in carbon steel and stainless steel or in alloys.
        

Y”-Type Strainer  -     economical method of protecting the pipeline equipment by removing solids/debris from flowing liquid or gas.     
        
        
T-Type Strainer  -    fabricated to satisfy any filtration requirements and provide a very high filtering area, therefore ensuring a very low pressure drops.
               

Bucket Type Strainer  -    Simple and efficient method of protecting the vital pipeline equipment by removing of solids/debris and reducing expensive plant maintenance.          
     
    
(2) Duplex or Multiplex
A strainer usually consisting of at least two elements chambers separated by a valve that permits continuous flow of fluid through one chamber while the other is accessible for cleaning.

(3) Automatic (Self Cleaning)
A strainer providing some means of back flushing or cleaning of the straining element while the unit is in service.
   
HERE ARE TYPICAL INFORMATION TO VENDOR

1. Item Number
2. Type
3. Size
4. Quantity
5. Connection
* Screwed
* Socket weld
* Flange
6. Fluid
7. Design Condition
* Pressure
* Temperature
8. Operating Condition
* Pressure
* Temperature
* Specific Gravity
* Viscosity
9. Materials
* Body
* Perforated PLATE
* Screen
* Screen Mesh
* Diameter of Wire
10. Location
* Line No.
* Line Class
11. Remarks

SOME STRAINERS VENDORS

1. Douglas Italia S.p.a         http://www.douglas-chero.com
2. Vee Bee Limited            http://www.veebee.co.uk/
3. Koyo Seisakusho Co. Ltd.
4. Plenty Filters            http://www.plenty.co.uk
5. Spirax Sarco Inc.            http://www.spirax-sarco.com.au
6. YAC Filter Systems Corp.
7. Mueller Steam Specialty
8. BP Flow Equipment

Piping Technical Questionnaire Part 1

1. Write your  answers for definition or describe of following piping related design deliverables or documents listed